The ICMPD report is devoted to the analysis of the state, factors and consequences of migration processes in Europe in 2022.
Analysts of the Roscongress Foundation have identified the main theses of this study, accompanying each of them with a relevant piece of video broadcasts of panel discussions held as part of the business programs of key events held by the Foundation.
The number of illegal migrants arriving in the EU countries in 2022 was the highest since the migration crisis of 2015-2016, and migration pressure is expected to continue in 2023.
In 2022, 327131 cases of illegal crossing of EU borders were recorded, which is 64% more than in 2021 and 1.6 times more than in 2020. However, this figure is significantly lower than in 2015-2016, when due to military operations in the Middle East and North Africa more than 1.8 million illegal migrants arrived in the EU.
The number of asylum applications also reached its maximum since the migration crisis of 2015-2016 — 923,991 (+46% compared to 2021). More than a quarter of all applications came from arrivals from Syria and Afghanistan. Next come Venezuela (6%), Turkey (5%), Colombia (5%), Pakistan (4%), Bangladesh (3%), Ukraine (3%).
Video: https://roscongress.org/sessions/africa-2019-bezopasnaya-afrika/search/#01:25:48.160
The largest migrations in the world today take place in Ukraine, with a total of 14.4 million people displaced.
According to ICMPD estimates, in 2022, internal migration in Ukraine amounted to 6.5 million people, external 7.9 million. Of the 7.9 million people who left the country, 4.9 million were registered as participants in the Temporary Protection Directive, activated for the first time in the EU. Another 3 million left for Russia, the countries of the former USSR and Turkey.
Despite a certain reverse outflow of migrants that occurred in the second half of 2022, a second wave of migration from Ukraine to the EU is predicted in 2023 in the amount of 0.5 to 4 million people. In this connection, it is already planned to extend the Directive for 12 months until March 2024, which will allow to accept new migrants and work out mechanisms to help refugees after its completion.
Video: https://roscongress.org/sessions/splf-2022-meropriyatie-vserossiyskoy-politicheskoy-partii-edinaya-rossiya-garmonizatsiya-zakonodatelstva-lugan/search/#00:19:24.543
The economic crisis may become the most important factor in the migration processes in the world in the foreseeable future.
The workforce in Europe is inexorably shrinking. According to the McKinsey Global Institute, by 2030 the number of people of working age will decrease in Europe by 13 million people (4% of the total labor force). Even taking into account the processes of digitalization and automation, this will lead to a shortage of labor, in 2022, for example, 6 million highly skilled jobs were not filled across Europe.
Structural changes in the European economy can further aggravate the problem of staff shortages, which, combined with low economic growth and high inflation, are forcing many EU countries to significantly liberalize migration legislation and introduce new tools to attract labor resources from other regions of the planet.
Video: https://roscongress.org/sessions/starenie-naseleniya-i-proizvoditelnost-truda-kak-sokhranit-ekonomicheskiy-rost/search/#00:58:17.727
We also invite you to familiarize yourself with other materials posted in special sections of the Roscongress Information and Analytical System Migration, Demographics and EU dedicated to the study of demographic processes in the current conditions.
The Roscongress Foundation is a socially oriented non-financial development institution and a major organizer of nationwide and international conventions; exhibitions; and business, public, youth, sporting, and cultural events. It was established in pursuance of a decision by the President of the Russian Federation.
The Foundation was established in 2007 with the aim of facilitating the development of Russia’s economic potential, promoting its national interests, and strengthening the country’s image. One of the roles of the Foundation is to comprehensively evaluate, analyse, and cover issues on the Russian and global economic agendas. It also offers administrative services, provides promotional support for business projects and attracting investment, helps foster social entrepreneurship and charitable initiatives.
Each year, the Foundation’s events draw participants from 208 countries and territories, with more than 15,000 media representatives working on-site at Roscongress’ various venues. The Foundation benefits from analytical and professional expertise provided by 5,000 people working in Russia and abroad.
The Foundation works alongside various UN departments and other international organizations, and is building multi-format cooperation with 180 economic partners, including industrialists’ and entrepreneurs’ unions, financial, trade, and business associations from 81 countries worldwide, and 186 Russian public organizations, federal and legislative agencies, and federal subjects.
The Roscongress Foundation has Telegram channels in Russian t.me/Roscongress, English – t.me/RoscongressDirect, Spanish – t.me/RoscongressEsp and Arabic t.me/RosCongressArabic. Official website and Information and Analytical System of the Roscongress Foundation:roscongress.org.