In its flagship report, the International Organization for Migration summarizes the preliminary results of the impact of the pandemic on migration both globally and in individual regions and countries.
Analysts of the Roscongress Foundation have identified the main theses of this study, accompanying each of them with a relevant piece of video broadcasts of panel discussions held as part of the business programs of key events held by the Foundation.
The volume of migration flows has been steadily growing over the past 50 years.
In 1970, the total number of international migrants was no more than 85 million people (2.3% of the total population). By 2020, this figure has increased to 280 million people (3.6% of the total population), of which 87 million are in Europe, 86 million in Asia, 59 million in North America. The remaining regions of the planet account for less than 18% of the total influx of migrants. However, it should be noted that the highest growth rates in the number of emigrants over the past 15 years — by 114% — are observed in the countries of Central and Latin America.
The top three busiest migration corridors in 2020 were: Mexico → United States (about 11 million), Syrian Arab Republic → Turkey (about 4 million) and India → UAE (about 3 million). Gender disparities are also growing: back in 2000, there were 976 female migrants for every 1,000 male migrants, and only 919 in 2020. Remittances are also significantly higher than in the very recent past: $128 billion in 2000 and $702 billion in 2020.
Video: https://roscongress.org/sessions/gramotnaya-migratsionnaya-politika-kak-faktor-razvitiya-mirovoy-ekonomiki/search/#00:16:37.119
The COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be the «great disruptor» of migration.
Governments around the world have implemented various measures to limit the spread of the virus, and a number of restrictions have been put in place since early 2020 and have evolved over time. Some countries, such as Israel, Qatar, Nigeria, New Zealand, El Salvador and Singapore, quickly implemented significant restrictions on international travel (by early March 2020), while others took action weeks or months later. Some countries have completely stopped the entry of foreign nationals, others have banned the entry of citizens of certain countries, and certain countries have completely closed borders to stop the exit and entry of all people, including their own citizens. Some countries have also introduced quarantine measures requiring passengers entering the country to be quarantined immediately upon arrival for a minimum period of time (usually 10 to 14 days).
Video: https://roscongress.org/sessions/eef-2021-prostranstvo-bez-granits-bolshoe-evraziyskoe-partnerstvo-i-ates/search/#01:34:15.296
The Russian Federation is the most important country on the map of migration flows not only in the CIS and Eurasia, but also on a global scale.
In addition to being one of the main countries of origin for international migrants, the Russian Federation also continues to be an important destination country for international migrants on a global scale. In 2020, the Russian Federation entered the top ten countries of origin and destination of international migrants worldwide. With a diaspora of about 11 million people, the country ranked third after India and Mexico in terms of population living abroad. Most of them lived in member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) free trade area, including Kazakhstan, Belarus, Ukraine and Uzbekistan, as well as in countries such as the United States and Germany. The Russian Federation is home to about 12 million international migrants, making it the world’s fourth-largest destination after the United States, Germany and Saudi Arabia. International migrants arrived in the Russian Federation mainly from Ukraine (more than 3 million people), Kazakhstan (more than 2.5 million people) and Uzbekistan (about 1 million people).
Due to the large number of international migrants in the country, the Russian Federation continues to be one of the largest sources of international remittances, ranking among the top ten source countries in the world. At the same time, it was also among the largest recipients of remittances in Europe in 2020.
Video: https://roscongress.org/sessions/spief-2019-proaktivnaya-migratsionnaya-politika-kak-instrument-razvitiya-i-privlecheniya-investitsiy/search/#00:45:56.863
We also invite you to familiarize yourself with other materials posted in special sections of the Roscongress Information and Analytical System Demographics, COVID-19 and Location economics dedicated to the study of demographic processes in the current conditions.
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